71. Open acknowledgement of the existence of womens oppression was too radical for the United Stated in the fifties, and Beauvoirs conclusion , that change in womens economic condition , though insufficient by itself , remains the basic factor in improving womens situation , was particularly unacceptable .

　　公開對婦女壓迫的存在的承認對于50年代的美國而言有些過分激進，而且B的結(jié)論，即婦女經(jīng)濟狀況的變化，經(jīng)管它本身不是一個充分的因素，但是仍然是提高婦女地位的根本因素的觀點，尤其無法令人接受。

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語

　　解釋：本句是由and所連接的兩個分句，前一個分句的主語雖然有一些修飾成分，但整體而言還算好讀;后面的分句中的修飾成分就比較難讀;主語Beauvoirs conclusion后面被加上了同位語從句that change in,而且在從句的主語和謂語之間還加了一個插入語;我們好不容易把同位語從句中的成分補齊，后面又看到系表結(jié)構(gòu)was particularly unacceptable的時候，想不起來主語是誰，不禁心中茫然;如果是沒有練習(xí)過難句的人，也只好黯然神傷。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：Open acknowledgement of the existence of womens oppression was too radical for the United Stated in the fifties, and Beauvoirs conclusion , that change in womens economic condition , though insufficient by itself , remains the basic factor in improving womens situation , was particularly unacceptable .

　　72. Other theorists propose that the Moon was ripped out of the Earths rocky　mantle by the Earths collision with another large celestial body after much of the Earths iron fell to its　core. 其他的理論家提出，在地球的大部分鐵沉入到地核之后，由于地球與另一個龐大的天體發(fā)生碰撞，月亮便從地球那石質(zhì)的地幔中撕裂開來而形成的。 Rip:撕開;撥去;在本文是撕開的意思。

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾

　　解釋：這個句子雖然還算短，但結(jié)構(gòu)并不簡單，句中共有三介詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜在本句中給讀者帶來了真正的閱讀困難：月亮、地球、大型天體之間的關(guān)系如何?三個事件之間的先后順序怎樣?另外的一個難點在于，在the Moon was ripped out of the Earths rocky mantle這段話中，be ripped out of something可以作兩種解釋。Rip既有撕開的意思，又有剝?nèi)サ囊馑迹颂幍腷e ripped out of something很被讀者理解成被剝奪走某物的意思。實際上，根據(jù)對上下文的理解，這里應(yīng)該理解成從某物中撕裂出來的意思。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：Other theorists propose that the Moon was ripped out of the Earths rocky　mantle by the Earths collision with another large celestial body after much of the Earths iron fell to its　core.

　　73. However , recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut.

　　然而，進來的學(xué)術(shù)研究強烈的顯示那些看來最為明確的請教徒的早期新英格蘭文化的一些方面，比如強烈的宗教導(dǎo)向和團體意識，就整體而言卻不是新英格蘭的典型特征，而是在很大程度上只局限與馬薩諸賽和康涅狄格兩個州。

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語

　　解釋：賓語從句的主語those aspects后面跟著長長的修飾成分of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan。不但如此，主語和表語之間又被長長的插入語such as分開，而且表語也不是一個，而是were not,but were的結(jié)構(gòu)，使得句子十分難讀。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：However , recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut.

　　74. Thus，what in contrast to the Puritan colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern acquisitiveness，a strong interest in politics and the law，and　a tendency to cultivate metropolitan　cultural modelswas not only more typically English than the culturalpatterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut，but also almost certainly characteristic　of most other early modern British　colonies from Barbados north to RhodeIsland and New Hampshire.

　　因此，那些與清教殖民地形成鮮明對比、并在戴維斯教授的心目中顯得具有特殊南方色彩的特征占有欲、對政治和法律的濃厚興趣、以及培養(yǎng)大都市文化模式的傾向不僅僅要比清教的馬薩諸塞州和康乃涅克州所展現(xiàn)出來的文化模式更具有典型的英國色彩，并且?guī)缀鹾翢o疑問地構(gòu)成了絕大多數(shù)其它早期近代英國殖民地的特征，從巴巴多斯北至羅得島和新罕布什爾州。

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語

　　解釋：這個頗長的句子是由一個what從句做主語，此主語what in contrast to the Puritan colonies appears to davins to be peculialy Southern中有又一些插入語的修飾成分，其實主干很簡單，就是what appears to be Southern。Southern后的兩個破折號之間的內(nèi)容是主語的同位語，實際起到了一個插入語的作用。一直到句子寫了五行之后，謂語動詞was才姍然出現(xiàn)，難怪讀者看得不舒服。But also之后，省略了與前面一樣的was.

　　筆者在此再次提醒讀者，筆者之所以對此類句子做語法分析，是為了讓讀者熟悉這些語法結(jié)構(gòu)，而不是希望讀者在現(xiàn)場閱讀進也去分析其語法，正確的方法是通過熟讀本書中的種種難句，使大腦習(xí)慣這些語言結(jié)構(gòu);實戰(zhàn)的現(xiàn)場閱讀把注意力集中在句子的意思上，比如這句話，只要讀出與D的觀念相反，南方的州與清教的殖民地一樣，都是有著英國風格的意思即可。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：Thus，what in contrast to the Puritan colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern acquisitiveness，a strong interest in politics and the law，and　a tendency to cultivate metropolitan　cultural modelswas not only more typically English than the culturalpatterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut，but also almost certainly characteristic　of most other early modern British　colonies from Barbados north to RhodeIsland and New Hampshire.

　　75. Portrayals of the folk of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, whom he remembers from early childhood, of the jazz musicians and tenement roofs of his Harlem days, of Pittsburgh steelworkers, and his reconstruction of classical Greek myths in the guise of the ancient Black kingdom of Benin, attest to this.

　　一些描述，關(guān)于他從小就記得的北卡羅來納州的M縣的人民、關(guān)于他在H的日子里的爵士樂手和公寓的房頂、關(guān)于匹茲堡的鋼鐵工人的描述和他的假借古代B國對古希臘神話得寵俗，都表現(xiàn)了這一點。In the guise of :假借、在的幌子下，假裝。

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾

　　解釋：本句主語之長，主語的長度與謂語長度的比例之大，是極為罕見的，在最后的三個單詞attest to this之前的所有內(nèi)容，全是主語，主語和謂語的比例達到了46比3。不熟秋GRE和GMAT句式的人是很難把這句讀懂的。句子的主語實際上是一個由and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，而真正的主語只有兩個：Portrayals 和his reconstruction。Portrayals后面長度驚人的修飾成分以三個大列舉的方式說出了其描述的對象，其中第一個列舉中又包含了一個定語從句，修飾前面的folk，第二個主語的修飾成分中使用了一抽象詞組：in the guise of，相當于一個介詞，其意思是假借，在.的幌子下，假裝。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：Portrayals of the folk of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, whom he remembers from early childhood, of the jazz musicians and tenement roofs of his Harlem days, of Pittsburgh steelworkers, and his reconstruction of classical Greek myths in the guise of the ancient Black kingdom of Benin, attest to this.

　　76. A very specialized feeding adaptation in zooplankton is that of the tadpolelike appendicularian who lives in a walnut-sized balloon of mucus equipped with filters that　capture and concentrate phytoplankton.

　　浮游動物體內(nèi)一種極特殊的進食適應(yīng)性變化是蝌蚪狀的尾海鞘綱動物的那種適應(yīng)性變化，而尾海鞘綱動物則存活于核桃大小的黏液球囊內(nèi)，裝備有過濾器，用以捕捉和集中浮游植物。

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾

　　解釋：GRE和GMAT考試中比較有特色的一個語言現(xiàn)象是that of的頻繁出現(xiàn)。That of的作用是省略掉與前面一樣的名詞性成分，從而起到簡化句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、縮短句子的長度的作用。然而對于初學(xué)GRE和GMAT的人來說，由于以前較少遇到這種結(jié)構(gòu)，而且即使遇到也是在比較簡單的句子中間遇到的，所以在復(fù)雜句式中一旦遇到，往往一下子搞不清楚這個that指的是前面眾多名詞性成分中間的哪一個。解決這個問題的辦法，就是多讀、反復(fù)讀這樣的句子，熟能生巧。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：A very specialized feeding adaptation in zooplankton is that of the tadpolelike appendicularian who lives in a walnut-sized balloon of mucus equipped with filters that　capture and concentrate phytoplankton.

　　77. These historians，however，have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and　activities during the same period.

　　但是，這些史學(xué)家還不曾充分地分析同一時期中那些具體的女權(quán)主義思想和活動的發(fā)展。

　　難句類型：倒裝

　　解釋：本句看著別扭的原因是句子的語序顛倒，正常的語序應(yīng)該是：However, these historians have analyzed the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period less fully.但是這種語序仍然令人費解：為什么作者不說these historians havent fully analyzed the development of feminist ideas?既明確又好懂，何樂而不為?

　　其實這里倒不見得是ETS故意作梗，不讓讀者讀懂，而是因為心上的兩種說法之間存在著細微差別：前者強調(diào)的是有分析，但與文中的其他研究相比不夠完整;后者則是強調(diào)沒有怎么去研究。GRE和GMAT中使用的英語屬于中高級英語，其中的細微之處請讀者細心體會。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：These historians，however，have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and　activities during the same period.

　　78. Apparently most massive stars manage to lose sufficient material that their masses drop below the critical value of 1.4 M before they exhaust their nuclear fuel.

　　顯然，大多數(shù)的巨星能夠失去足夠多的物質(zhì)以至于在燃盡其核燃料以前他們的質(zhì)量下降到關(guān)鍵值1.4M以下。難在：sufficient that = so much that

　　難句類型：特殊省略、固定搭配

　　解釋：我們中國考生顯然沒有見過sufficientthat這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，因此習(xí)慣性的把that以及其后的內(nèi)容看成了一個定語從句來修飾material，但是這樣讀下來發(fā)現(xiàn)意思不通，于是發(fā)生思維混亂，大腦拒絕工作，以至當場暈厥。

　　實際上原文相當于在sufficient之前省略了such,與后面的that構(gòu)成了一個suchthat的結(jié)構(gòu)，但是這種省略不是可以隨便使用的：本句之所以能夠這樣表述，是因為sufficient本身就是一個enough to meet the need of a situation的意思;而enough的意思是occurring in such quantity as to fully meet demands, needs, or expectations.所以，把這兩個詞義串在一起，sufficient material that的詞義就變成了material occurring in such large quantity that the need of be fully met。所以我們除了可以把原句看成是省略了such以外，還可以把sufficient that看成了一個固定的搭配，相當于so much that的意思。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：Apparently most massive stars manage to lose sufficient material that their masses drop below the critical value of 1.4 M before they exhaust their nuclear fuel.

　　79. This is so even though armed forces operate in an ethos of institutional change oriented toward occupational equality and under the federal sanction of equal pay for equal work.

　　即使是武裝部隊是在一種趨向職業(yè)平等的制度變遷的風氣中運作的時候，而且即使部隊是在聯(lián)邦政府的同工同酬的約束下運行的時候，情況仍然是這樣。

　　難句類型：倒裝、省略

　　解釋：不論筆者把這句話算成倒裝還是省略，其實都有些牽強。閱讀能力較高的讀者應(yīng)該可以看出，文中的語序和表達都是完全符合英文規(guī)則的，但問題在于它極不符合漢語習(xí)慣：按照中文的習(xí)慣，even though之后的長長的從句應(yīng)當放在句首，而This is so則應(yīng)該放到最后來說，而且，如果要用and來連接這么長的兩個狀語，也應(yīng)該在其中補充上主語用來和謂語才能讓人看懂。但是這就是考試中的英語，也是英語國家的高級知識分子們天天用來做學(xué)問的英語，既然他們可以看懂，并能寫出來，我們也一定可以看懂，需要的時候也一定能夠?qū)懗鰜怼?/p>

　　意群訓(xùn)練：This is so even though armed forces operate in an ethos of institutional change oriented toward occupational equality and under the federal sanction of equal pay for equal work.

　　80、An impact capable of ejecting a fragment of the Martian surface into an Earth-intersecting orbit is even less probable than such an event on the Moon, in view of the Moons smaller size and closer proximity to Earth.

　　一個能夠把活性表面的碎片射入地球交叉軌道的碰撞發(fā)生的可能性甚至小于這種事件在月亮上發(fā)生的可能性，考慮到月亮更小的尺寸及其與地球接近的程度。

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、省略、易淆指代

　　解釋：in view of的意思是考慮到、由于，等于because of,本句粗看上去十分簡單，可是你看完之后會發(fā)現(xiàn)本句十分難懂。這句話的意思很容易被理解成：如果考慮到月亮的尺寸和與地球的距離的話，火星碎片被撞擊所發(fā)射到地球的幾率，要小于發(fā)射到月亮上的幾率，有點常識的人就會知道這是不可能的：月亮比地球小得多，而且與火星的距離也與地球類似，碎片射到月亮上的幾率怎么會反而高呢?這里的關(guān)鍵在于such an event在文章中指什么，如果是指把火星碎片射到月亮上，那么本句的意思當然是荒謬的;可是如果是指把月亮的碎片發(fā)射到地球上，那么本句的意思就對了，實際上句首的An impact之后被省略了一個on mars，所以原文的such an event on moon，指的是An impact on moon capable of ejecting a fragment of the lunar surface into an Earth-intersecting orbit.因此如果把原文補全，則句子就變成了下面的樣子：An impact capable of ejecting a fragment of the martian surface into an Earth-ibntersecting orbit is even less probable than an impact on moon capable of ejecting a fragment of the lunar surface into an Earth-intersecting orbit, in view of the Moons smaller size and closer proximiy to Earth.

　　意群訓(xùn)練：An impact capable of ejecting a fragment of the Martian surface into an Earth-intersecting orbit is even less probable than such an event on the Moon, in view of the Moons smaller size and closer proximity to Earth.