Technology Transfer in Germany

　　When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nations vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity has faltered over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit.

　　Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought after technologies-But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programs for pumping money into start-up companies- Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but 1t is not without its critics.

　　These people worry that favoring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of flesh ideas.If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur, the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity driven: free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programs to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years- While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germanys research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society that plays the greatest role in technology transfer. Founded in 1949.the Fraunhofer Society is now Europes largest organization for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 1 2,000 people. It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.

　　41 What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?

　　A Technology transfer

　　B Good management

　　C Hard work

　　D Fierce competition

　　42 Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research?

　　A It is free

　　B It is profit-driven

　　C It is widely available

　　D It is curiositydriven

　　43 The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organization for applied technology in ________

　　A Asia

　　B USA

　　C Europe

　　D Africa

　　44 When was the Fraunhofer Society founded?

　　A In 1940

　　B Last year

　　C After the unification

　　D In 1949

　　45 The word expertise in line 3 could be best replaced by _________

　　A experts

　　B scientists

　　C scholars

　　D special knowledge

　　答案解析

　　41.正確答案為A。答案在第一段可以找到,該段的最后一句話it still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit是該段的總結,明確指出了德國的繁榮歸功于技術的轉換。

　　42.正確答案為B。答案可以在第三段里找到,這一段里有這樣一句話：traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer,傳統的大學科研原則有三個特點,惟獨沒有profit-driven,即受利益驅動。

　　43.正確答案為C。答案在最后一段里講得很清楚。

　　44.正確答案為D。答案在最后一段的第一句話里。

　　45.正確答案為D。expertise是非凡領域的知識和學問的意思,另外三個選項都用來指人,在這個上下文里根本不合適。

　　Technology Transfer in Germany

　　When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nations vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity has faltered over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit.

　　Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought after technologies-But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programs for pumping money into start-up companies- Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but 1t is not without its critics.

　　These people worry that favoring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of flesh ideas.If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur, the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity driven: free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programs to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years- While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germanys research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society that plays the greatest role in technology transfer. Founded in 1949.the Fraunhofer Society is now Europes largest organization for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 1 2,000 people. It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.

　　41 What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?

　　A Technology transfer

　　B Good management

　　C Hard work

　　D Fierce competition

　　42 Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research?

　　A It is free

　　B It is profit-driven

　　C It is widely available

　　D It is curiositydriven

　　43 The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organization for applied technology in ________

　　A Asia

　　B USA

　　C Europe

　　D Africa

　　44 When was the Fraunhofer Society founded?

　　A In 1940

　　B Last year

　　C After the unification

　　D In 1949

　　45 The word expertise in line 3 could be best replaced by _________

　　A experts

　　B scientists

　　C scholars

　　D special knowledge

　　答案解析

　　41.正確答案為A。答案在第一段可以找到,該段的最后一句話it still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit是該段的總結,明確指出了德國的繁榮歸功于技術的轉換。

　　42.正確答案為B。答案可以在第三段里找到,這一段里有這樣一句話：traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer,傳統的大學科研原則有三個特點,惟獨沒有profit-driven,即受利益驅動。

　　43.正確答案為C。答案在最后一段里講得很清楚。

　　44.正確答案為D。答案在最后一段的第一句話里。

　　45.正確答案為D。expertise是非凡領域的知識和學問的意思,另外三個選項都用來指人,在這個上下文里根本不合適。