如何回答細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題　　在一篇文章中作者為了闡述文章的主旨大意，往往要提出一些具體的內(nèi)容，用來(lái)說(shuō)明、界定、證明或分析文章的主題，這些具體的內(nèi)容就是文章的細(xì)節(jié)。一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)就是一條信息或一種事實(shí)，它可以是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，也可以是一句話或幾句話。細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題就是針對(duì)文章中的具體內(nèi)容而提出的問(wèn)題，目的在于考查考生對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的理解程度。在職稱考試的閱讀理解試題中，大多數(shù)考題是針對(duì)這些細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題而設(shè)計(jì)的。因此，我們?cè)陂喿x中不僅要抓住文章的主旨大意，還要在掌握文章主題思想的基礎(chǔ)上，抓住闡述和發(fā)展主題思想的主要事實(shí)或有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)，領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。　　閱讀時(shí)，我們?yōu)榱四芨玫乩斫馕恼碌募?xì)節(jié)應(yīng)該做到以下3點(diǎn)：　　1. 首先要找出文章的中心思想。知道了中心思想，就很容易辨別出那些說(shuō)明中心思想的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。　　2. 當(dāng)文章中細(xì)節(jié)較多時(shí)，只記那些重要的細(xì)節(jié)，并用筆做上記號(hào)， 以備解題時(shí)查閱。　　3. 當(dāng)你感到所讀的細(xì)節(jié)與主題在邏輯上沒(méi)有任何關(guān)系時(shí)，這說(shuō)明主題沒(méi)有找準(zhǔn)或這不是重要的細(xì)節(jié)。　　例如：　　Children are very curious by nature. They often like to smell, touch, and taste things while exploring their environments. Your home contains many products that are beneficial if used properly but may be dangerous or even fatal to children. Children are often unaware of the dangers of these products.　　French psychologist Alfred Binet was asked by the French government to develop a test that would help find out which school children were not intelligent enough to profit from regular schooling. Binet thought that intelligence should be measured by tests that required problem solving and reasoning. Binet did a great deal of research with children of various ages. As a result of his work, Binet developed the concept of the IQ, or intelligence quotient, which is the basis for much modern intelligence testing.　　上面兩個(gè)段落中斜體字部分均為該段落中的最重要的細(xì)節(jié)。　　細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題的命題方式主要的有：　　1. According 題型　　此題型為最基本題型，在閱讀理解的考題中占的比重比較大。該題型的特點(diǎn)是由according to the passage, 或 according to the author / the writer引出，考察考生對(duì)具體內(nèi)容的掌握程度。有時(shí)問(wèn)題中雖然沒(méi)有according to，但仍然是要求考生依據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容來(lái)回答問(wèn)題，陳述或確認(rèn)某些時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件等細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題，所以仍屬于這類題型。這種題型的典型提問(wèn)方式為：　　According to the passage / article, who ?　　The passage states that.　　The author holds that.　　這類問(wèn)題中常使用what, where, which, why, how, because, reason, purpose, cause 等疑問(wèn)詞和單詞。對(duì)這類提問(wèn)方式，考生一定要抓住提問(wèn)中的關(guān)鍵字眼，就可以在短文中找到答案。　　2. 是非題型　　是非題型分為兩種：　　一種是三錯(cuò)一對(duì)問(wèn)題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，有三個(gè)不符合文章的內(nèi)容，是錯(cuò)的，只有一個(gè)是與原文內(nèi)容相符，是正確答案。這種問(wèn)題的典型提問(wèn)方式是：　　Which of the following is true?　　另一種是三對(duì)一錯(cuò)即題目所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有三個(gè)符合文章內(nèi)容只有一個(gè)是錯(cuò)的，不符合文章的內(nèi)容。題目便是要求考生選出這個(gè)不符合文章內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)。這種題型的典型提問(wèn)方式為：　　Which of the following is not true?　　Which of the following is not mentioned?　　Which of the following is true except　　Which of the following is mentioned except .?　　Which of the following is false? incorrect? unusual? not included?　　細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題的解題技巧　　由于細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題是針對(duì)文章中的某些事實(shí)提問(wèn)，要回答who ,what, when, where, why, how , why 以及某些事實(shí)文章中是否提到，是否屬實(shí)等，因此回答這類問(wèn)題一般都可以從文章中直接或間接地找到答案。具體的方法是：　　對(duì)號(hào)入座法。利用細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題中所給出的關(guān)鍵詞返回原文，找到相關(guān)的詞或?qū)?yīng)的句子，仔細(xì)閱讀，從中找出答案。但需要注意的是，這些問(wèn)題的提問(wèn)往往不是采用文章中的原話，而是使用同義詞語(yǔ)來(lái)提問(wèn)的，所以一定要認(rèn)真審題。雖然細(xì)節(jié)題在文章中能夠找到答案，但正確選項(xiàng)不可能與閱讀材料的原句一模一樣，而是用不同的詞語(yǔ)或句型表達(dá)相同的思想。如用同義詞替換，詞類轉(zhuǎn)換，肯定否定互換等，但萬(wàn)變不離其宗，即意思沒(méi)有變。命題人命題時(shí)就是利用這種手法來(lái)檢驗(yàn)讀者是否真正理解了原文的含義。　　排除法。對(duì)于是非題中三錯(cuò)一對(duì)或三對(duì)一錯(cuò)的題，我們經(jīng)常要用到排除法。考生要再仔細(xì)閱讀文章，排除短文中的三個(gè)未提及的細(xì)節(jié)，或排除短文中三個(gè)已知信息。剩下的選項(xiàng)就是答案。

　　如何回答細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題　　在一篇文章中作者為了闡述文章的主旨大意，往往要提出一些具體的內(nèi)容，用來(lái)說(shuō)明、界定、證明或分析文章的主題，這些具體的內(nèi)容就是文章的細(xì)節(jié)。一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)就是一條信息或一種事實(shí)，它可以是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，也可以是一句話或幾句話。細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題就是針對(duì)文章中的具體內(nèi)容而提出的問(wèn)題，目的在于考查考生對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的理解程度。在職稱考試的閱讀理解試題中，大多數(shù)考題是針對(duì)這些細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題而設(shè)計(jì)的。因此，我們?cè)陂喿x中不僅要抓住文章的主旨大意，還要在掌握文章主題思想的基礎(chǔ)上，抓住闡述和發(fā)展主題思想的主要事實(shí)或有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)，領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。　　閱讀時(shí)，我們?yōu)榱四芨玫乩斫馕恼碌募?xì)節(jié)應(yīng)該做到以下3點(diǎn)：　　1. 首先要找出文章的中心思想。知道了中心思想，就很容易辨別出那些說(shuō)明中心思想的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。　　2. 當(dāng)文章中細(xì)節(jié)較多時(shí)，只記那些重要的細(xì)節(jié)，并用筆做上記號(hào)， 以備解題時(shí)查閱。　　3. 當(dāng)你感到所讀的細(xì)節(jié)與主題在邏輯上沒(méi)有任何關(guān)系時(shí)，這說(shuō)明主題沒(méi)有找準(zhǔn)或這不是重要的細(xì)節(jié)。　　例如：　　Children are very curious by nature. They often like to smell, touch, and taste things while exploring their environments. Your home contains many products that are beneficial if used properly but may be dangerous or even fatal to children. Children are often unaware of the dangers of these products.　　French psychologist Alfred Binet was asked by the French government to develop a test that would help find out which school children were not intelligent enough to profit from regular schooling. Binet thought that intelligence should be measured by tests that required problem solving and reasoning. Binet did a great deal of research with children of various ages. As a result of his work, Binet developed the concept of the IQ, or intelligence quotient, which is the basis for much modern intelligence testing.　　上面兩個(gè)段落中斜體字部分均為該段落中的最重要的細(xì)節(jié)。　　細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題的命題方式主要的有：　　1. According 題型　　此題型為最基本題型，在閱讀理解的考題中占的比重比較大。該題型的特點(diǎn)是由according to the passage, 或 according to the author / the writer引出，考察考生對(duì)具體內(nèi)容的掌握程度。有時(shí)問(wèn)題中雖然沒(méi)有according to，但仍然是要求考生依據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容來(lái)回答問(wèn)題，陳述或確認(rèn)某些時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件等細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題，所以仍屬于這類題型。這種題型的典型提問(wèn)方式為：　　According to the passage / article, who ?　　The passage states that.　　The author holds that.　　這類問(wèn)題中常使用what, where, which, why, how, because, reason, purpose, cause 等疑問(wèn)詞和單詞。對(duì)這類提問(wèn)方式，考生一定要抓住提問(wèn)中的關(guān)鍵字眼，就可以在短文中找到答案。　　2. 是非題型　　是非題型分為兩種：　　一種是三錯(cuò)一對(duì)問(wèn)題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，有三個(gè)不符合文章的內(nèi)容，是錯(cuò)的，只有一個(gè)是與原文內(nèi)容相符，是正確答案。這種問(wèn)題的典型提問(wèn)方式是：　　Which of the following is true?　　另一種是三對(duì)一錯(cuò)即題目所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有三個(gè)符合文章內(nèi)容只有一個(gè)是錯(cuò)的，不符合文章的內(nèi)容。題目便是要求考生選出這個(gè)不符合文章內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)。這種題型的典型提問(wèn)方式為：　　Which of the following is not true?　　Which of the following is not mentioned?　　Which of the following is true except　　Which of the following is mentioned except .?　　Which of the following is false? incorrect? unusual? not included?　　細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題的解題技巧　　由于細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題是針對(duì)文章中的某些事實(shí)提問(wèn)，要回答who ,what, when, where, why, how , why 以及某些事實(shí)文章中是否提到，是否屬實(shí)等，因此回答這類問(wèn)題一般都可以從文章中直接或間接地找到答案。具體的方法是：　　對(duì)號(hào)入座法。利用細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題中所給出的關(guān)鍵詞返回原文，找到相關(guān)的詞或?qū)?yīng)的句子，仔細(xì)閱讀，從中找出答案。但需要注意的是，這些問(wèn)題的提問(wèn)往往不是采用文章中的原話，而是使用同義詞語(yǔ)來(lái)提問(wèn)的，所以一定要認(rèn)真審題。雖然細(xì)節(jié)題在文章中能夠找到答案，但正確選項(xiàng)不可能與閱讀材料的原句一模一樣，而是用不同的詞語(yǔ)或句型表達(dá)相同的思想。如用同義詞替換，詞類轉(zhuǎn)換，肯定否定互換等，但萬(wàn)變不離其宗，即意思沒(méi)有變。命題人命題時(shí)就是利用這種手法來(lái)檢驗(yàn)讀者是否真正理解了原文的含義。　　排除法。對(duì)于是非題中三錯(cuò)一對(duì)或三對(duì)一錯(cuò)的題，我們經(jīng)常要用到排除法。考生要再仔細(xì)閱讀文章，排除短文中的三個(gè)未提及的細(xì)節(jié)，或排除短文中三個(gè)已知信息。剩下的選項(xiàng)就是答案。