高中英語語法-主謂一致中的三原則
主謂一致中的三原則
英語句子中，主語的人稱和數(shù)要限制，決定謂語動詞的形式變化，這就叫主謂一致關(guān)系。
它通常依據(jù)三項原則：
1）語法一致；2）意義一致；3）就近一致。
【語法一致原則】
I .主語的人稱決定謂語動詞的形式。e.g.
①I love / She loves music. 我/ 她愛好音樂。
②Are your mother a worker？（誤）你母親是工人嗎？
Is your mother a worker？（正）（主語your mother 是單數(shù)第三人稱）
II .主語的數(shù)決定謂語動詞的形式。
1.不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)、單數(shù)代詞、不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或從句等作主語，用單數(shù)謂語形式。e.g.
①The work is important. 這項工作重要。
②To serve the country is our duty. 為祖國服務(wù)是我們的義務(wù)。
③How and why he left was a sad story. 他離開的經(jīng)過和原因是一段傷心的經(jīng)歷。
2. 復(fù)數(shù)的名詞、代詞一般接復(fù)數(shù)謂語形式。e.g.
①The children are taken good care of. 孩子們得到很好的照料。
②They have gone to Chengdu. 他們?nèi)コ啥剂恕?/p>
Ⅲ. 以and 或both and連接的并列主語：
1.通常作復(fù)數(shù)用 .e.g.
①Plastics and rubber never rot. 塑料和橡膠從不腐爛。
②What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。
③Both Tom and I are fond of medicine. 我和湯姆都喜歡醫(yī)學(xué)。
2. 如果并列主語指的是同一個人（事、物、抽象概念），作單數(shù)用。e.g.
①The worker and writer has come. 這位工人作家來了。
②A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 遠(yuǎn)處能看見有一套馬車。
③Truth and honesty is the best policy. 真誠是最好的策略。
3. and前、后的單數(shù)詞語都有each，every，many，a，no等修飾時，仍作單數(shù)用。e.g.
①Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.這里每個男孩和每個女孩都享有平等權(quán)益。
②No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity .沒有哪個教師或?qū)W生可以免于參加這項活動。
Ⅳ. 主語前、后加表數(shù)、量等的修飾語時：
1. a）many a + 單名 接單數(shù)謂語：a good （great）many + 復(fù)名接復(fù)數(shù)謂語。e.g.
①M(fèi)any a fine man has died for it. 許多優(yōu)秀戰(zhàn)士為此獻(xiàn)出了生命。
②A great many parents were present at the meeting. 許多家長出席了會議。
b）a / an + 單名+ or two大多接單數(shù)謂語：one or two + 復(fù)名接復(fù)數(shù)謂語。e.g.
①Only a word or two is （are ）needed. 只需說一兩句。
②One or two reasoms were suggested. 提出一兩條理由。
c）a / an + 單名+ and a half常接單數(shù)謂語：one and a half +復(fù)名多接復(fù)數(shù)謂語。e.g.
①A year and a half has passed. 一年半已過去了。
②One and a half tons of rice are sold. 已賣了一噸半大米。
d）more than one + 單名大多接單數(shù)謂語。e.g.
①M(fèi)ore than one person was （were ）absent. 不止一個人缺席。
more + 復(fù)名+ than one 接復(fù)數(shù)謂語。e.g.
②More students than one have been there. 不止一個學(xué)生去過那兒。
more than two （three，）+復(fù)名接復(fù)數(shù)謂語。e.g.
③More than one hundred students have attended the concert. 不止一百名學(xué)生聽了這場音樂會。
2. 主語前加表示單位、度量的短語如a kind （sort / type / form /pair /cup /glass /piece / load / block / box / handful / quantity / ton / metre / ）of等時，表示單位、度量的這個名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語形式。e.g.
a）①There is only a small quantity of paper （books）left. 只剩下少量的紙（書）了。
②Large quantities of water are needed. 需要大量的水。
b）①This kind of apple is sweet. 這種蘋果甜。
②This kind of apples is （are）sweet. （大多依 kind，作單數(shù)用 ）
③These kind（s）of apple（s）are sweet. （總作復(fù)數(shù)用）
但：Apples of this kind are sweet. （總作復(fù)數(shù)用）
3. 主語后接with等構(gòu)成的短語修飾成分時：謂語仍須與這類短語前的主語一致。可構(gòu)成這類短語的常用with，along with，together with，as well as，but，besides，except，added to，including，like，no less than，rather than，more than 等。e.g.
①A woman with two children has come. 一位婦女帶著兩個孩子來了。
②I as well as they am ready to help you. 不僅他們，我也愿幫助你。
4. one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 定語從句：
1）定語從句的先行詞通常是這個復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此從句的謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g.
①This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year. 這是今年出版的最佳小說之一。（關(guān)系詞that代novels）
②He was one of the boys who were praised. 他是受表揚(yáng)的男孩之一。
2）若one前加this，the，the only 等時，定語從句的關(guān)系詞指代one，作從句主語時，接單數(shù)謂語。e.g.
He was the only one of the boys who was praaised .他是男孩中唯一受到表揚(yáng)的。（關(guān)系詞who 代 the only one ）[1][2][3]
主謂一致中的三原則
英語句子中，主語的人稱和數(shù)要限制，決定謂語動詞的形式變化，這就叫主謂一致關(guān)系。
它通常依據(jù)三項原則：
1）語法一致；2）意義一致；3）就近一致。
【語法一致原則】
I .主語的人稱決定謂語動詞的形式。e.g.
①I love / She loves music. 我/ 她愛好音樂。
②Are your mother a worker？（誤）你母親是工人嗎？
Is your mother a worker？（正）（主語your mother 是單數(shù)第三人稱）
II .主語的數(shù)決定謂語動詞的形式。
1.不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)、單數(shù)代詞、不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或從句等作主語，用單數(shù)謂語形式。e.g.
①The work is important. 這項工作重要。
②To serve the country is our duty. 為祖國服務(wù)是我們的義務(wù)。
③How and why he left was a sad story. 他離開的經(jīng)過和原因是一段傷心的經(jīng)歷。
2. 復(fù)數(shù)的名詞、代詞一般接復(fù)數(shù)謂語形式。e.g.
①The children are taken good care of. 孩子們得到很好的照料。
②They have gone to Chengdu. 他們?nèi)コ啥剂恕?/p>
Ⅲ. 以and 或both and連接的并列主語：
1.通常作復(fù)數(shù)用 .e.g.
①Plastics and rubber never rot. 塑料和橡膠從不腐爛。
②What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。
③Both Tom and I are fond of medicine. 我和湯姆都喜歡醫(yī)學(xué)。
2. 如果并列主語指的是同一個人（事、物、抽象概念），作單數(shù)用。e.g.
①The worker and writer has come. 這位工人作家來了。
②A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 遠(yuǎn)處能看見有一套馬車。
③Truth and honesty is the best policy. 真誠是最好的策略。
3. and前、后的單數(shù)詞語都有each，every，many，a，no等修飾時，仍作單數(shù)用。e.g.
①Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.這里每個男孩和每個女孩都享有平等權(quán)益。
②No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity .沒有哪個教師或?qū)W生可以免于參加這項活動。
Ⅳ. 主語前、后加表數(shù)、量等的修飾語時：
1. a）many a + 單名 接單數(shù)謂語：a good （great）many + 復(fù)名接復(fù)數(shù)謂語。e.g.
①M(fèi)any a fine man has died for it. 許多優(yōu)秀戰(zhàn)士為此獻(xiàn)出了生命。
②A great many parents were present at the meeting. 許多家長出席了會議。
b）a / an + 單名+ or two大多接單數(shù)謂語：one or two + 復(fù)名接復(fù)數(shù)謂語。e.g.
①Only a word or two is （are ）needed. 只需說一兩句。
②One or two reasoms were suggested. 提出一兩條理由。
c）a / an + 單名+ and a half常接單數(shù)謂語：one and a half +復(fù)名多接復(fù)數(shù)謂語。e.g.
①A year and a half has passed. 一年半已過去了。
②One and a half tons of rice are sold. 已賣了一噸半大米。
d）more than one + 單名大多接單數(shù)謂語。e.g.
①M(fèi)ore than one person was （were ）absent. 不止一個人缺席。
more + 復(fù)名+ than one 接復(fù)數(shù)謂語。e.g.
②More students than one have been there. 不止一個學(xué)生去過那兒。
more than two （three，）+復(fù)名接復(fù)數(shù)謂語。e.g.
③More than one hundred students have attended the concert. 不止一百名學(xué)生聽了這場音樂會。
2. 主語前加表示單位、度量的短語如a kind （sort / type / form /pair /cup /glass /piece / load / block / box / handful / quantity / ton / metre / ）of等時，表示單位、度量的這個名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語形式。e.g.
a）①There is only a small quantity of paper （books）left. 只剩下少量的紙（書）了。
②Large quantities of water are needed. 需要大量的水。
b）①This kind of apple is sweet. 這種蘋果甜。
②This kind of apples is （are）sweet. （大多依 kind，作單數(shù)用 ）
③These kind（s）of apple（s）are sweet. （總作復(fù)數(shù)用）
但：Apples of this kind are sweet. （總作復(fù)數(shù)用）
3. 主語后接with等構(gòu)成的短語修飾成分時：謂語仍須與這類短語前的主語一致。可構(gòu)成這類短語的常用with，along with，together with，as well as，but，besides，except，added to，including，like，no less than，rather than，more than 等。e.g.
①A woman with two children has come. 一位婦女帶著兩個孩子來了。
②I as well as they am ready to help you. 不僅他們，我也愿幫助你。
4. one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 定語從句：
1）定語從句的先行詞通常是這個復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此從句的謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g.
①This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year. 這是今年出版的最佳小說之一。（關(guān)系詞that代novels）
②He was one of the boys who were praised. 他是受表揚(yáng)的男孩之一。
2）若one前加this，the，the only 等時，定語從句的關(guān)系詞指代one，作從句主語時，接單數(shù)謂語。e.g.
He was the only one of the boys who was praaised .他是男孩中唯一受到表揚(yáng)的。（關(guān)系詞who 代 the only one ）[1][2][3]
