透析中考英語(yǔ)形容詞考點(diǎn)
形容詞、副詞命題趨勢(shì)
形容詞是用來(lái)修飾名詞的詞表示名詞的屬性,副詞和形容詞一樣,在句中起修飾作用,所不同的是:形容詞主要修飾名詞;而副詞主要修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞和句子等。對(duì)形容詞、副詞的考查是高考一項(xiàng)重要考查內(nèi)容,考查的方向主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面:
1. 形容詞的用法;
2. 副詞的用法;
3. 形容詞和副詞原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的用法;
4. 形容詞和副詞在句中的區(qū)別和位置。
考點(diǎn)詮釋
一、考查形容詞的作用與位置
形容詞修飾名詞,說(shuō)明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。常放在被修飾的名詞前作定語(yǔ),放在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ),或放在賓語(yǔ)之后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
1.多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的排列順序
考例--Yeah, too _______work makes me tired. [太原市]
A. little B. many C. much
[答案]C。[解析]本題重在考查幾個(gè)形容詞的用法。little有小的或幾乎沒(méi)有等意思。many與much都有多的意思,但many修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。空格后的名詞work是不可數(shù)名詞,故應(yīng)選C。
2.形容詞用作定語(yǔ),修飾不定代詞時(shí),通常后置。
The idea of sunshine sport makes it possible for kids to choose and do about sport as long as one hour every day. [哈爾濱市]
A. pleasant something B. anything pleasant C. nothing pleasant
[答案]B。[解析]考查形容詞和不定代詞的位置關(guān)系。從句子意思可知應(yīng)填anything pleasant表任何高興的事。A結(jié)構(gòu)不對(duì),C表否定。
3.表語(yǔ)形容詞(well,unwell,ill,faint, afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake等)作定語(yǔ),需要后置;有些表示身體健康狀況的形容詞,如well,faint,m只作表語(yǔ);sick既可作表語(yǔ)又可作定語(yǔ)。
考例Carl felt _______because he won the first prize in the school singing competition. [安徽省]
A. interested B. proud C. angry D. worried
[答案]B 。[解析]考查形容詞詞義。根據(jù)句意獲獎(jiǎng)是值得高興、自豪的事情,應(yīng)選proud。
I feel ________to have a friend like him. He always helps me out when I am in trouble. [太原市]
A. luckily B. happy C. sorry
[答案]B。[解析]本題重在考查系動(dòng)詞的用法。系動(dòng)詞feel覺(jué)得其后可接形容詞作表語(yǔ),A項(xiàng)為副詞,故排除;B、C雖然都是形容詞,但意義相反,根據(jù)后句推斷選B。
Jin Yong is one of the greatest and oldest____ writers.He is still__________.[鎮(zhèn)江]
A.1iving;alive B.1iving;1iving C.a(chǎn)live;living D.a(chǎn)live;alive
答案:A解析:alive作表語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ),指有生命的,活的,還出著氣的;living指健在的,現(xiàn)行的,現(xiàn)代的,可作表語(yǔ),也可作定語(yǔ)。句意為金庸是最偉大的健在的老作家之一,他仍然活著,故選A。
4.用作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
考例Li Leis words made her_________..[濟(jì)南]
A.happily B.a(chǎn)ngrily C.crying D.a(chǎn)ngry
答案:D解析:本題考查make后跟形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。選項(xiàng)中只有angry為形容詞,故選D。
5.形容詞之間詞義的區(qū)別
考例Nothing in the world is ________if you put your heart into it. [昆明]
A. impossible B. important C. interesting D. necessary
[答案]A。[解析]考查幾個(gè)重要的形容詞的含義。這是一個(gè)含有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句,后句給出的條件是如果你把你的整個(gè)心思放進(jìn)去,那么可以很容易判斷在世界上沒(méi)有什么是不可能的,其余三項(xiàng)重要的、有趣的、必須的都與句子意思不符。
---Would you like to go and see a film?
--Sure; the TV programmes are too____________.[南京]
A. surprising B. interesting C. exciting D. boring
[答案]D。[解析]考查形容詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境應(yīng)選boring意為枯燥的。
-Why are you so____?
-Because our ping-pong player Wang Liqin has won the world championship.[福州]
A.excited B.exciting C.bored D.boring
答案:A解析:由題意我們的乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)員王勵(lì)勤獲勝,故選A或B。exciting令人興奮的,往往修飾物/事;excited指人興奮,故選A。
二、考查副詞的作用與位置
1.副詞則用來(lái)修飾形容詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞或句子,一般位于形容詞之前,動(dòng)詞之后或句子之首。
The suitcase(手提箱)was __heavy for me to carry,so I pulled it up the stairs and into my flat.[沈陽(yáng)]
A. quite B so C very D.too
[答案]D。[解析]考查 tooto句型。tooto太而不能,這個(gè)手提箱太重了,提不動(dòng),所以 。
We all love Miss Yang.She always makes her history class very_________.[ 重慶]
A.interest B.interests C.interesting D.interested
答案:C解析:very是副詞,后要跟形容詞,該形容詞修飾事物history class,故用interesting;如果修飾人用interested。故選C。
2.enough作副詞修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí),必須后置。
考例-What do you think of the lecture(演講)of Li Yangs Crazy English?
-I think its____,but someone thinks its much too________.[安徽蕪湖]
A.wonderful enough;bored B.enough wonderful;boring
C.wonderful enough;boring D.enough wonderful;bored
C解析:enough修飾形容詞時(shí)要后置,故排除B、D,而形容物時(shí)要用一ing形式的形容詞,形容人時(shí)用一ed形式的形容詞,故選C。
3. 副詞之間的詞義區(qū)別
考例Its too late to go out now and______, its starting to rain.[杭州]
A. though B. besides C. however D. instead
解析:答案為B。題干前半句說(shuō)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間太晚了不能出去了,后面有說(shuō)天開(kāi)始下雨了,這兩者是什么關(guān)系呢?不能出去的原因有兩個(gè),時(shí)間太晚不出去不方便,天在下雨就更不好出去了,因此兩者應(yīng)該是并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)B的besides意為此外,而且,符合題意故為正確選項(xiàng)。
三、對(duì)形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)的考查
1.原級(jí)的用法。
表示雙方在程度、性質(zhì)、特征等某方面相等時(shí),用as+原級(jí)形容詞/副詞+as的結(jié)構(gòu);表示雙方不相等時(shí),用not so(as)+原級(jí)形容詞/副詞+as的結(jié)構(gòu);表示一方是另一方的若干倍時(shí),用倍數(shù)+as+原級(jí)形容詞/副詞+as的結(jié)構(gòu)。
考例John is much shorter than his sister,but he jumps ___________she does.[連云港]
A.a(chǎn)s good as B as best as C.a(chǎn)s high as D.a(chǎn)s higher as
[答案]C。[解析]用as...a(chǎn)s作比較時(shí),應(yīng)使用形容詞或副詞的原級(jí),據(jù)此可將B與D項(xiàng)排除。good是形容詞,不能用作狀語(yǔ)修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,所以C項(xiàng)正確。
Dont just believe the advertisement.That kind of camera is ______it says. [ 湖北]
A.a(chǎn)s good as B.not as good as C.a(chǎn)s well as D.not as well as
答案:B解析:上句為不要僅僅相信廣告,下句應(yīng)為這種相機(jī)沒(méi)有它說(shuō)的好。不如用not as+ adj./adv. + as,句中有is,故用形容詞。故選B。
2.比較級(jí)的用法。
⑴.表示一方超過(guò)另一方時(shí),用比較級(jí)+than的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。
考例--Which coat is ____on me,the blue one or the black one?
一The blue one.[北京市]
A good B better C.best D.the best
[答案]B。[解析] 考查比較級(jí),根據(jù)句意:哪個(gè)大衣我穿著更好看,是藍(lán)色的,還是黑色的?兩者比較用比較級(jí),故選B。
--I think Shanghai food is ____Sichuan food.
--I dont agree.I like Sichuan food better.[沈陽(yáng)市]
A. better than B so good as C more than D as well as
[答案]A 。[解析]is是系動(dòng)詞,后面不能用as well as(因?yàn)閣ell作adv:),所以排除D。not soas表不及,用在否定句中故也被排除。more than不合句意,所以選A。
一What does your cousin look like now?
--0h, he is much ____than before.[福州市]
A. strong B stronger C strongest D.too strong
[答案]B。[解析]本題考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。than是比較級(jí)的標(biāo)志,它表示兩者作比較,應(yīng)使用形容詞strong的比較級(jí)stronger,故選B項(xiàng)。
Lets go by plane, Its __________than by train. [吉林省]
A. faster B. fastest C. slower D. slowest
[答案]A 。[解析]由關(guān)鍵詞than可知用比較級(jí),所以排除了B、D。再由常識(shí):飛機(jī)的速度快于火車(chē),故選A。
⑵.表示一方不及另一方時(shí),用less+原級(jí)+than的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。
考例The doctor told Mary to eat _______ vegetables and __________meat because she was getting fatter and fatter. [廣東省]
A. much; little B. more; less C. many; few D. more; fewer
[答案]B。[解析] 考查few與little的區(qū)別。本題由句意入手,醫(yī)生叫瑪麗多吃蔬菜,少吃肉,因?yàn)樗兊迷絹?lái)越胖。由后邊的原因狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)看主句中也應(yīng)為比較級(jí),排除A、C選項(xiàng),vegetable為可數(shù)名詞,用many的比較級(jí)more修飾,meat為不可數(shù)名詞,用little的比較級(jí)less修飾,故本題選B。
[威海]
一Hi,Tom.Is your brother as active as you?
一No,hes a quiet boy.He is____________.
A.less outgoing than me B.not so calm as I
C.more active than I D.a(chǎn)s outgoing as I
31.答案:A解析:根據(jù)前句他是一個(gè)安靜的男孩,也就是不如我活潑,故只有A符合句意。
3.一方在程度或數(shù)量上超過(guò)另一方時(shí),可在比較級(jí)前加程度副詞even,a lot,a bit,a little,still,much,far,yet,by far等來(lái)修飾。
【考例】--You speak English much ________than before.
--Thank you. [陜西省]
A. well B. better C. best D. good
[答案]B。[解析] 句中有表示比較的連詞than,所以所填部分必定是比較級(jí),而選項(xiàng)中只有better是比較級(jí)。
--Mr Smith, would you please speak a little more _________?
--Sorry! I thought you could follow me. [安徽省]
A. quietly B. quickly C. slowly D. politely
[答案]C。[解析]此題考查比較級(jí)。由答語(yǔ)可知對(duì)方要求說(shuō)得稍慢一些,而slowly的比較級(jí)是more slowly,其他幾項(xiàng)不符合要求。
4.用more and more 的結(jié)構(gòu),表示越越
考例The number of giant pandas is getting ______ because their living areas are becoming farmlands. (年江蘇鹽城)
A. less and less B. larger and larger C. smaller and smaller D. fewer and fewer
解析答案為C。句意為大熊貓的數(shù)量越來(lái)越少因?yàn)樗麄兊纳婵臻g正逐漸變成農(nóng)場(chǎng)。本題中四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是比較級(jí)+ and + 比較級(jí)的結(jié)構(gòu),表示越來(lái)越。主語(yǔ)為number,只能和large或small搭配。而結(jié)合句意可判斷答案為C。
5. 用the+比較級(jí)+句子其它成分,the+比較級(jí)+句子其它成分表示越越
考例一Hi, Andrew.How can you improve your English so much?
--Oh,nothing difficult.The __you work at it,the __progress you will make.[黃岡市]
A. harder;more B more hardly;more C.hardier;greater D.harder;great
[答案]A。[解析] 考查比較級(jí)的用法。the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)表示越越,如:the more,the better越多越好。
--As middle school students, we should study hard for the future.- ww.zk53u.ecom
--I think so. _________we study now, _________future well have. [哈爾濱市]
A. The hard; the good B. The harder; the better C. The hardest; the best
[答案]B。[解析] 根據(jù)題意可知要選比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí);表示越,越。依據(jù)句意:現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)越努力,將來(lái)會(huì)越好。
四、最高級(jí)的用法。
1.三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度時(shí),形容詞最高級(jí)用the+最高級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語(yǔ)。
--Who is ____running star in your college?
--I think Philip is.[長(zhǎng)春]
A.famous B.more famous C.the most famous D.1ess famous
答案:C解析:由in your college在你們大學(xué)里限定范圍,使用最高級(jí),故選C。
Of all the sports shoes , John bought _________ pair. Then he had some money for socks. [成都市]
A. a cheaper B. the most wonderful C. the least expensive
[答案]C。[解析] 考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)句意可知,one of+(最高級(jí))+名詞復(fù)數(shù),故排除A,再看句意,因此他留下一些錢(qián)買(mǎi)襪子故選C。
--What do you like____,tea,coffee or milk?
--Tea, of course. [浙江]
A.better B.good C.well D.best
答案:D解析:本題考查副詞最高級(jí)的用法。從三者中選擇一者,構(gòu)成了最高級(jí)的用法,故選D。
2.形容詞最高級(jí)可被序數(shù)詞以及much.By far,nearly,almost,by no means,not quite,not really。nothing like等詞語(yǔ)所修飾。
考例
3.作狀語(yǔ)的副詞最高級(jí)前可以不加定冠詞。
考例-Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
一Yes.Ive never been to ____one before.[蘇州]
A.a(chǎn) more exciting B.the most excited C.a(chǎn) more excited D.the most exciting
答案:A解析:由句意我以前從未參加過(guò)比這個(gè)更令人興奮的晚會(huì)可知,此處要用比較級(jí),故排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。修飾物時(shí)要用一ing形式的形容詞,故選A。
4.形容詞和副詞前面使用冠詞的情況。
Welcome to our hotel.Its ____in the city.[北京]
A.good B.better C.best D.the best
答案:D解析:由in the city這一范圍確定要用最高級(jí),且最高級(jí)前要使用冠詞the,故選D。
English is one of ____important subjects in our school.[ 濟(jì)南]
A.most B.the most C.more D.much more
答案:B解析:本題考查形容詞最高級(jí)的用法,根據(jù)范圍in our school可判斷用最高級(jí),故選B。
--I am getting ___each month. I cant put on my jeans.
--Im afraid you have to take exercise every day. [河南省]
A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest
Amy makes fewer mistakes than Frank. She does her homework_________.[南京市]
A. more carefully B. more carelessly C. more careful D. more careless