下面是一篇關(guān)于現(xiàn)代遺傳學(xué)之父孟德?tīng)柕腟AT作文素材，這篇SAT作文素材介紹了孟德?tīng)柕纳?，并且?duì)這位偉大的科學(xué)家所堅(jiān)持的實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析。下面我們一起來(lái)看看這篇SAT作文素材的全部?jī)?nèi)容吧。

　　孟德?tīng)?822年7月20日出生于奧地利西里西亞，是遺傳學(xué)的奠基人，被譽(yù)為現(xiàn)代遺傳學(xué)之父。孟德?tīng)柾ㄟ^(guò)豌豆實(shí)驗(yàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了遺傳規(guī)律、分離規(guī)律及自由組合規(guī)律。

　　孟德?tīng)柍錾诮菘四S亞的一個(gè)農(nóng)民家庭，從小就在家里幫助父親嫁接果樹(shù)，在學(xué)習(xí)上已經(jīng)表現(xiàn)出非凡的才能。1844-1848 年，孟德?tīng)栐诓悸〈髮W(xué)哲學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)神學(xué)，曾選修迪博爾講授的農(nóng)學(xué)、果樹(shù)學(xué)和葡萄栽培學(xué)等課程。1848 年在維也納大學(xué)期間，孟德?tīng)栂群髱煆闹锢韺W(xué)家多普勒、物理學(xué)家埃汀豪生和植物生理學(xué)家翁格爾，這三個(gè)人對(duì)他的科學(xué)思想無(wú)疑產(chǎn)生了很大影響。當(dāng)時(shí)大多數(shù)科學(xué)家所慣用的方法是培根式的歸納法，而多普勒則主張，先對(duì)自然現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析，從分析中提出設(shè)想，然后通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)進(jìn)行證實(shí)或否決。埃汀豪生是一位成功地應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)分析來(lái)研究物理現(xiàn)象的科學(xué)家，孟德?tīng)栐鴮?duì)他的大作《組合分析》仔細(xì)拜讀。

　　孟德?tīng)柡髞?lái)做豌豆實(shí)驗(yàn)，能堅(jiān)持正確的指導(dǎo)思想，成功地將數(shù)學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì)方法用于雜種后代的分析，與這兩位杰出物理學(xué)家不無(wú)關(guān)系。翁格爾當(dāng)時(shí)正從事進(jìn)化學(xué)說(shuō)的研究，他認(rèn)為研究變異是解決物種起源問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵，并且用這種觀點(diǎn)去啟發(fā)他的學(xué)生孟德?tīng)?。通過(guò)翁格爾，孟德?tīng)柫私饬松w爾特納的雜交工作。

　　蓋爾特納寫作的《植物雜交的實(shí)驗(yàn)與觀察》既單調(diào)又重復(fù)，但涉及的范圍很廣，包含著一些極有價(jià)值的觀察結(jié)果。達(dá)爾文和孟德?tīng)柖荚屑?xì)地讀過(guò)這本書。孟德?tīng)栕x過(guò)的書至今還保存在捷克布隆的孟德?tīng)柤o(jì)念館內(nèi)，書中遍布記號(hào)和批注，有的內(nèi)容正是以后孟德?tīng)柕膶?shí)驗(yàn)計(jì)劃里的組成部分。由此可見(jiàn)，一個(gè)偉大的科學(xué)思想的形成絕非偶然。

　　Key words: father of genetics

　　Gregor Mendel

　　Gregor Mendel , Austrian monk, whose experimental work became the basis of modern hereditary theory. Mendel was born on July 22, 1822, to a peasant family in Heinzendorf . He entered the Augustinian monastery at Brnn , which was known as a center of learning and scientific endeavor.

　　He later became a substitute teacher at the technical school in Brnn. There Mendel became actively engaged in investigating variation, heredity, and evolution in plants at the monasterys experimental garden. Between 1856 and 1863 he cultivated and tested at least 28,000 pea plants, carefully analyzing seven pairs of seed and plant characteristics.

　　His tedious experiments resulted in the enunciation of two generalizations that later became known as the laws of heredity. His observations also led him to coin two terms still used in present-day genetics: dominance, for a trait that shows up in an offspring; and recessiveness, for a trait masked by a dominant gene.

　　Mendel published his important work on heredity in 1866. Despite, or perhaps because of, its descriptions of large numbers of experimental plants, which allowed him to express his results numerically and subject them to statistical analysis, this work made virtually no impression for the next 34 years.

　　Only in 1900 was his work recognized more or less independently by three investigators, one of whom was the Dutch botanist Hugo Marie de Vries, and not until the late 1920s and the early 30s was its full significance realized, particularly in relation to evolutionary theory.

　　As a result of years of research in population genetics, investigators were able to demonstrate that Darwinian evolution can be described in terms of the change in gene frequency of Mendelian pairs of characteristics in a population over successive generations.

　　Mendels later experiments with the hawkweed Hieracium proved inconclusive, and because of the pressure of other duties he ceased his experiments on heredity by the 1870s. He died in Brnn on January 6, 1884.

　　以上就是這篇SAT作文素材的全部?jī)?nèi)容，包括了中文和英文兩個(gè)部分，后面還有關(guān)鍵詞。SAT作文素材的積累是大家在備考SAT作文考試的時(shí)候，一定要進(jìn)行的重要工作。大家可以在備考SAT作文的過(guò)程中對(duì)此進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)慕梃b。

　　下面是一篇關(guān)于現(xiàn)代遺傳學(xué)之父孟德?tīng)柕腟AT作文素材，這篇SAT作文素材介紹了孟德?tīng)柕纳?，并且?duì)這位偉大的科學(xué)家所堅(jiān)持的實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析。下面我們一起來(lái)看看這篇SAT作文素材的全部?jī)?nèi)容吧。

　　孟德?tīng)?822年7月20日出生于奧地利西里西亞，是遺傳學(xué)的奠基人，被譽(yù)為現(xiàn)代遺傳學(xué)之父。孟德?tīng)柾ㄟ^(guò)豌豆實(shí)驗(yàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了遺傳規(guī)律、分離規(guī)律及自由組合規(guī)律。

　　孟德?tīng)柍錾诮菘四S亞的一個(gè)農(nóng)民家庭，從小就在家里幫助父親嫁接果樹(shù)，在學(xué)習(xí)上已經(jīng)表現(xiàn)出非凡的才能。1844-1848 年，孟德?tīng)栐诓悸〈髮W(xué)哲學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)神學(xué)，曾選修迪博爾講授的農(nóng)學(xué)、果樹(shù)學(xué)和葡萄栽培學(xué)等課程。1848 年在維也納大學(xué)期間，孟德?tīng)栂群髱煆闹锢韺W(xué)家多普勒、物理學(xué)家埃汀豪生和植物生理學(xué)家翁格爾，這三個(gè)人對(duì)他的科學(xué)思想無(wú)疑產(chǎn)生了很大影響。當(dāng)時(shí)大多數(shù)科學(xué)家所慣用的方法是培根式的歸納法，而多普勒則主張，先對(duì)自然現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析，從分析中提出設(shè)想，然后通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)進(jìn)行證實(shí)或否決。埃汀豪生是一位成功地應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)分析來(lái)研究物理現(xiàn)象的科學(xué)家，孟德?tīng)栐鴮?duì)他的大作《組合分析》仔細(xì)拜讀。

　　孟德?tīng)柡髞?lái)做豌豆實(shí)驗(yàn)，能堅(jiān)持正確的指導(dǎo)思想，成功地將數(shù)學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì)方法用于雜種后代的分析，與這兩位杰出物理學(xué)家不無(wú)關(guān)系。翁格爾當(dāng)時(shí)正從事進(jìn)化學(xué)說(shuō)的研究，他認(rèn)為研究變異是解決物種起源問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵，并且用這種觀點(diǎn)去啟發(fā)他的學(xué)生孟德?tīng)?。通過(guò)翁格爾，孟德?tīng)柫私饬松w爾特納的雜交工作。

　　蓋爾特納寫作的《植物雜交的實(shí)驗(yàn)與觀察》既單調(diào)又重復(fù)，但涉及的范圍很廣，包含著一些極有價(jià)值的觀察結(jié)果。達(dá)爾文和孟德?tīng)柖荚屑?xì)地讀過(guò)這本書。孟德?tīng)栕x過(guò)的書至今還保存在捷克布隆的孟德?tīng)柤o(jì)念館內(nèi)，書中遍布記號(hào)和批注，有的內(nèi)容正是以后孟德?tīng)柕膶?shí)驗(yàn)計(jì)劃里的組成部分。由此可見(jiàn)，一個(gè)偉大的科學(xué)思想的形成絕非偶然。

　　Key words: father of genetics

　　Gregor Mendel

　　Gregor Mendel , Austrian monk, whose experimental work became the basis of modern hereditary theory. Mendel was born on July 22, 1822, to a peasant family in Heinzendorf . He entered the Augustinian monastery at Brnn , which was known as a center of learning and scientific endeavor.

　　He later became a substitute teacher at the technical school in Brnn. There Mendel became actively engaged in investigating variation, heredity, and evolution in plants at the monasterys experimental garden. Between 1856 and 1863 he cultivated and tested at least 28,000 pea plants, carefully analyzing seven pairs of seed and plant characteristics.

　　His tedious experiments resulted in the enunciation of two generalizations that later became known as the laws of heredity. His observations also led him to coin two terms still used in present-day genetics: dominance, for a trait that shows up in an offspring; and recessiveness, for a trait masked by a dominant gene.

　　Mendel published his important work on heredity in 1866. Despite, or perhaps because of, its descriptions of large numbers of experimental plants, which allowed him to express his results numerically and subject them to statistical analysis, this work made virtually no impression for the next 34 years.

　　Only in 1900 was his work recognized more or less independently by three investigators, one of whom was the Dutch botanist Hugo Marie de Vries, and not until the late 1920s and the early 30s was its full significance realized, particularly in relation to evolutionary theory.

　　As a result of years of research in population genetics, investigators were able to demonstrate that Darwinian evolution can be described in terms of the change in gene frequency of Mendelian pairs of characteristics in a population over successive generations.

　　Mendels later experiments with the hawkweed Hieracium proved inconclusive, and because of the pressure of other duties he ceased his experiments on heredity by the 1870s. He died in Brnn on January 6, 1884.

　　以上就是這篇SAT作文素材的全部?jī)?nèi)容，包括了中文和英文兩個(gè)部分，后面還有關(guān)鍵詞。SAT作文素材的積累是大家在備考SAT作文考試的時(shí)候，一定要進(jìn)行的重要工作。大家可以在備考SAT作文的過(guò)程中對(duì)此進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)慕梃b。