40. Through the study of instruments, as well as painting, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.

　　[參考譯文]通過對圖片、文字記載以及樂器等的研究，我們可以了解一千多年以前近東音樂傳入中國的情況，也可以勒出近東音樂的影響波及歐洲并導(dǎo)致交響樂的大部分樂器發(fā)展和演變的大致輪廓。

　　41. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply.

　　[參考譯文]戰(zhàn)爭沖突與競爭不同，前者可以定義為社會(huì)實(shí)體之間彼此對立的抗?fàn)帲笳呖啥x為各個(gè)實(shí)體在單獨(dú)獲取供應(yīng)不足的物資時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的對抗。

　　42. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive.

　　[參考譯文]許多作家根據(jù)動(dòng)物世界為生存而進(jìn)行的斗爭中具有適者生存的規(guī)律這一點(diǎn)，論證戰(zhàn)爭是不可避免的。

　　43. As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in different ear about ladies preaching, the surprising thing about computers is not that they think less well than a man, but that they think at all.

　　[參考譯文]正如在不同時(shí)代，塞繆爾?約翰遜博士所談?wù)摰呐坎嫉酪粯樱?jì)算機(jī)的驚人之處不是它們的思考能力不如人類，而是它們居然會(huì)思考。

　　44. Finally, the line between the original and the copy becomes unclear.

　　[參考譯文]最后，人類和計(jì)算機(jī)之間的界線將變得模糊起來。

　　40. Through the study of instruments, as well as painting, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.

　　[參考譯文]通過對圖片、文字記載以及樂器等的研究，我們可以了解一千多年以前近東音樂傳入中國的情況，也可以勒出近東音樂的影響波及歐洲并導(dǎo)致交響樂的大部分樂器發(fā)展和演變的大致輪廓。

　　41. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply.

　　[參考譯文]戰(zhàn)爭沖突與競爭不同，前者可以定義為社會(huì)實(shí)體之間彼此對立的抗?fàn)帲笳呖啥x為各個(gè)實(shí)體在單獨(dú)獲取供應(yīng)不足的物資時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的對抗。

　　42. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive.

　　[參考譯文]許多作家根據(jù)動(dòng)物世界為生存而進(jìn)行的斗爭中具有適者生存的規(guī)律這一點(diǎn)，論證戰(zhàn)爭是不可避免的。

　　43. As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in different ear about ladies preaching, the surprising thing about computers is not that they think less well than a man, but that they think at all.

　　[參考譯文]正如在不同時(shí)代，塞繆爾?約翰遜博士所談?wù)摰呐坎嫉酪粯樱?jì)算機(jī)的驚人之處不是它們的思考能力不如人類，而是它們居然會(huì)思考。

　　44. Finally, the line between the original and the copy becomes unclear.

　　[參考譯文]最后，人類和計(jì)算機(jī)之間的界線將變得模糊起來。