第四節(jié)

　　對(duì)比題：文章中出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象對(duì)比關(guān)系：

　　1.極端對(duì)比：opposite、on the other hand、on the contrary 肯定出題，黑白分明，適當(dāng)縮小閱讀量，進(jìn)行猜測(cè)可以反推的

　　2.一般對(duì)比：than 、asas 、the same as ，在文章中出現(xiàn)一般不重要，但在選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)就要非常小心，一般都不對(duì)。

　　3. 寫作方法題。答題要問(wèn)What? 能回答，選項(xiàng)是對(duì)的。

　　4.容易出題的地方：轉(zhuǎn)折、例子、滅絕(絕對(duì))

　　[001](讀文章之前，心里一定要記住：轉(zhuǎn)折、例子、比較絕的話是出題點(diǎn)，用筆畫出來(lái)!)

　　In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one varies in style and format. But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in content, while at the same time standing out(突出的，顯著的：outstanding ) above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows.

　　注：點(diǎn)名文章講的脫口秀，而且是JS和OW脫口秀

　　the rest 其他的，剩余的

　　Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of trash talk. The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be(有asas，不值得注意， 能讓你有多震驚就有多震驚). For example, the show takes the ever - common talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and morality to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of societys moral catastrophes ,yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments of other peoples lives.

　　注：intrigue 密謀、私通 intriguing 吸引人的，引起興趣的(別人在嘀嘀咕咕，你當(dāng)然感興趣了)

　　eat up

　　Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its extreme, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individuals quality of life. Topics range from(對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)的主題) teaching your children responsibility, managing your work weekly, to getting to know your neighbors. (小并列不重要，綜合起來(lái)就行)

　　Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society. Jerry ends every show with a final word. He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable.

　　注：dump(讀起來(lái)像倒.)傾銷，反傾銷anti-dump

　　Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The shows main target audience are middle - class Americans. Most of these people have the time. money, and stability to deal with lifes tougher(更加困難的) problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with(和混為一體) the young adults of society. These are 18 - to 21 - year - olds whose main troubles in life involve love, relationship, sex, money and peers(同事、同僚). They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the shows exploitation.

　　While the two shows are as different as night and day. both have ruled the talk show circuit for many years now. Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong following from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk show world.

　　注：1. circuit圈子

　　2. ironically具有諷刺意味的(iron鐵、熨斗，老有人念錯(cuò)，因此諷刺)

　　21.Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey are______.

　　A) more family - oriented

　　B) unusually popular

　　C) more profound(原文中的詞如果特別難，選項(xiàng)中也有就一般不對(duì))

　　D) relatively formal

　　注：第一段

　　22.Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear distasteful, the audience______.

　　A) remain fascinated(及其著迷的，想fans) by them

　　B) are ready to face up to them

　　C) remain indifferent to them

　　D) are willing to get involved in them

　　注：第二段eat up，B和D是一回事。

　　23.Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show?

　　A) A new type of robot.

　　B) Racist hatred.

　　C) Family budget planning.

　　D) Street violence.

　　注：第三段最后舉了三個(gè)例子。

　　24.Despite their different approaches, the two talk shows are both________.

　　A) ironical

　　B) sensitive

　　C) instructive (引你進(jìn)入結(jié)構(gòu))

　　D) cynical

　　注：instructive-in引導(dǎo)+struct結(jié)構(gòu)有啟發(fā)的，cynical憤世嫉俗的

　　25.We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows_______.

　　A) have monopolized(獨(dú)占、壟斷，〈mon- 一個(gè)，獨(dú)身，如和尚〉) the talk show circuit (時(shí)間范圍擴(kuò)大)

　　B) exploit the weaknesses in human nature

　　C) appear at different times of the day

　　D) are targeted at different audiences

　　注：monopolise壟斷，D對(duì)應(yīng)倒數(shù)第二段。

　　[002]背誦1、2段

　　To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on persuasive salesmanship to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.

　　Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.

　　注：第一段說(shuō)selling，第二段說(shuō)marketing

　　This concept does not imply that business is benevolentor that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction - the firm and the customer -and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!

　　26.The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence,_______.

　　A) the practice of turning goods into money

　　B) making goods available for purchase

　　C) the customer - centred approach

　　D) a form of persuasive salesmanship

　　注：原文第三段，cater to customer基于客戶的，A和B是兩者共同特征，D對(duì)應(yīng)第一段selling。

　　27.What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted?

　　A) The needs of the market.

　　B) The efficiency of production.

　　C) The satisfaction of the user.

　　D) The preferences of the dealer.

　　注：第一段第二句。

　　28.According to the passage, to move as much of these goods as possible means _______.

　　A) to sell the largest possible amount of goods

　　B) to transport goods as efficiently as possible

　　C) to dispose of these goods in large quantities

　　D) to redesign these goods for large - scale production

　　29.What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?

　　A) Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people.

　　B) It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public.

　　C) Consumers with conservative tastes are often difficult to please.

　　D) Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumer.

　　30.In discussing the marketing concept, the author focuses on_______.

　　A) its main characteristic

　　B) its social impact

　　C) its possible consequence

　　D) its theoretical basis

　　注：寫作方法題。答題要問(wèn)What? 能回答，選項(xiàng)是對(duì)的。本文講市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷的特點(diǎn)。

　　第四節(jié)

　　對(duì)比題：文章中出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象對(duì)比關(guān)系：

　　1.極端對(duì)比：opposite、on the other hand、on the contrary 肯定出題，黑白分明，適當(dāng)縮小閱讀量，進(jìn)行猜測(cè)可以反推的

　　2.一般對(duì)比：than 、asas 、the same as ，在文章中出現(xiàn)一般不重要，但在選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)就要非常小心，一般都不對(duì)。

　　3. 寫作方法題。答題要問(wèn)What? 能回答，選項(xiàng)是對(duì)的。

　　4.容易出題的地方：轉(zhuǎn)折、例子、滅絕(絕對(duì))

　　[001](讀文章之前，心里一定要記住：轉(zhuǎn)折、例子、比較絕的話是出題點(diǎn)，用筆畫出來(lái)!)

　　In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one varies in style and format. But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in content, while at the same time standing out(突出的，顯著的：outstanding ) above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows.

　　注：點(diǎn)名文章講的脫口秀，而且是JS和OW脫口秀

　　the rest 其他的，剩余的

　　Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of trash talk. The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be(有asas，不值得注意， 能讓你有多震驚就有多震驚). For example, the show takes the ever - common talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and morality to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of societys moral catastrophes ,yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments of other peoples lives.

　　注：intrigue 密謀、私通 intriguing 吸引人的，引起興趣的(別人在嘀嘀咕咕，你當(dāng)然感興趣了)

　　eat up

　　Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its extreme, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individuals quality of life. Topics range from(對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)的主題) teaching your children responsibility, managing your work weekly, to getting to know your neighbors. (小并列不重要，綜合起來(lái)就行)

　　Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society. Jerry ends every show with a final word. He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable.

　　注：dump(讀起來(lái)像倒.)傾銷，反傾銷anti-dump

　　Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The shows main target audience are middle - class Americans. Most of these people have the time. money, and stability to deal with lifes tougher(更加困難的) problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with(和混為一體) the young adults of society. These are 18 - to 21 - year - olds whose main troubles in life involve love, relationship, sex, money and peers(同事、同僚). They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the shows exploitation.

　　While the two shows are as different as night and day. both have ruled the talk show circuit for many years now. Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong following from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk show world.

　　注：1. circuit圈子

　　2. ironically具有諷刺意味的(iron鐵、熨斗，老有人念錯(cuò)，因此諷刺)

　　21.Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey are______.

　　A) more family - oriented

　　B) unusually popular

　　C) more profound(原文中的詞如果特別難，選項(xiàng)中也有就一般不對(duì))

　　D) relatively formal

　　注：第一段

　　22.Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear distasteful, the audience______.

　　A) remain fascinated(及其著迷的，想fans) by them

　　B) are ready to face up to them

　　C) remain indifferent to them

　　D) are willing to get involved in them

　　注：第二段eat up，B和D是一回事。

　　23.Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show?

　　A) A new type of robot.

　　B) Racist hatred.

　　C) Family budget planning.

　　D) Street violence.

　　注：第三段最后舉了三個(gè)例子。

　　24.Despite their different approaches, the two talk shows are both________.

　　A) ironical

　　B) sensitive

　　C) instructive (引你進(jìn)入結(jié)構(gòu))

　　D) cynical

　　注：instructive-in引導(dǎo)+struct結(jié)構(gòu)有啟發(fā)的，cynical憤世嫉俗的

　　25.We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows_______.

　　A) have monopolized(獨(dú)占、壟斷，〈mon- 一個(gè)，獨(dú)身，如和尚〉) the talk show circuit (時(shí)間范圍擴(kuò)大)

　　B) exploit the weaknesses in human nature

　　C) appear at different times of the day

　　D) are targeted at different audiences

　　注：monopolise壟斷，D對(duì)應(yīng)倒數(shù)第二段。

　　[002]背誦1、2段

　　To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on persuasive salesmanship to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.

　　Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.

　　注：第一段說(shuō)selling，第二段說(shuō)marketing

　　This concept does not imply that business is benevolentor that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction - the firm and the customer -and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!

　　26.The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence,_______.

　　A) the practice of turning goods into money

　　B) making goods available for purchase

　　C) the customer - centred approach

　　D) a form of persuasive salesmanship

　　注：原文第三段，cater to customer基于客戶的，A和B是兩者共同特征，D對(duì)應(yīng)第一段selling。

　　27.What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted?

　　A) The needs of the market.

　　B) The efficiency of production.

　　C) The satisfaction of the user.

　　D) The preferences of the dealer.

　　注：第一段第二句。

　　28.According to the passage, to move as much of these goods as possible means _______.

　　A) to sell the largest possible amount of goods

　　B) to transport goods as efficiently as possible

　　C) to dispose of these goods in large quantities

　　D) to redesign these goods for large - scale production

　　29.What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?

　　A) Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people.

　　B) It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public.

　　C) Consumers with conservative tastes are often difficult to please.

　　D) Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumer.

　　30.In discussing the marketing concept, the author focuses on_______.

　　A) its main characteristic

　　B) its social impact

　　C) its possible consequence

　　D) its theoretical basis

　　注：寫作方法題。答題要問(wèn)What? 能回答，選項(xiàng)是對(duì)的。本文講市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷的特點(diǎn)。