車間里的英雄
2023復(fù)習正是強化復(fù)習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經(jīng)濟學(xué)人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 America and the second world war 美國和第二次世界戰(zhàn)爭 The workshop heroes 車間里的英雄 A tribute to the unsung workers 致敬無名工作者 MacArthur had help engineering victory 麥克阿瑟將軍曾對工程師的勝利作過貢獻 Engineers of Victory: The Problem Solvers who Turned the Tide in the Second World War.ByPaul Kennedy. 工程師的勝利：問題解決者曾扭轉(zhuǎn)了二戰(zhàn)的局勢 NEARLY 70 years after the second world war and with most of the combatants now dead, aleading historian can praise the Wehrmacht. Not, of course, its evil racism but its militaryprowess. On the battlefields, writes Paul Kennedy of Yale University, Germany s soldiersearned universal respect for their capacity to react swiftly and fiercely to an assault onany front. His superlatives continue to flow. The Wehrmacht possessed a fabulous capacityto recover and strike back; Germany s paratroopers were ultra- competent; the Reichfought with astounding tenacity. 二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束近70年后，大部分的參戰(zhàn)者已與世長辭。也許主流的歷史學(xué)家會贊揚納粹德國，當然是它英勇的軍隊，而非那邪惡的種族主義。耶魯大學(xué)教授保羅肯尼迪寫到，德國士兵因戰(zhàn)場上敏捷的反應(yīng)能力及勇猛地向前方發(fā)起攻勢而贏得普遍尊重。保羅肯尼迪的巔峰之作繼續(xù)流傳。納粹德國擁有極好的反應(yīng)和反擊能力，空降兵相當出色，整個帝國持久作戰(zhàn)的能力也十分驚人。 How then did Germany come to lose the war? The British-born historian strives to avoidreductionism. Unlike others, he says, he does not claim that the Allies victory can beexplained solely by brute force or by a wonder weapon or by some magical decryptingsystem. There were multiple factors. Some have been exaggerated. Bletchley Park wascertainly far less important than most of the popular literature about the codebreakerssuggests. Sir Arthur Bomber Harris s determination not to target the enemy s oil,transport and electricity grids but to blast cities instead was, he writes, a weird panacea. 德國是如何輸?shù)暨@次戰(zhàn)爭的呢?一位英國的歷史學(xué)家極力避免還原真相。他說，他不像其他人那樣斷言盟軍的勝利只因為強大的軍事力量或一件神奇的武器或某些神秘的解密系統(tǒng)。盟軍的勝利有多種原因。一些事實被夸大。布萊切利園 當然遠不比關(guān)于破譯者自述的那些大量流行著作重要。他寫道，轟炸機阿瑟哈里斯的決心不是把目標放在敵人的石油、交通和電網(wǎng)上，而是要炸毀整座城市，怪異的靈丹妙藥。 Against this, Mr Kennedy argues, some reasons for the Allies success deserve much greateremphasis. One of them, the stupendous might of America s military-industrial complex,was recognised at last in Arthur Herman s Freedom s Forge, reviewed here last year. MrKennedy celebrates another crucial component: the role of engineers. What they invented,improvised and improved had, by 1943, begun to turn the tide against Germany and Japan. 肯尼迪反對道：盟軍勝利有一些更值得強調(diào)的原因。其中，美國軍工鐵三角驚人的勢力最終在亞瑟赫爾曼《鑄就自由》一書中被證實，去年本雜志也評論過此事。肯尼迪贊美盟軍勝利的另一個重要因素是：工程師的角色。到1943年，他們的發(fā)明、創(chuàng)造和改進開始扭轉(zhuǎn)抗衡德國和日本的局勢。 By then long-range B-24 Liberator bombers protected convoys of merchant ships crossingthe Atlantic; Hedgehog grenades destroyed Grand Admiral Karl D?nitz s U-boats; B-17 FlyingFortress bombers flew from airfields in England deep into Germany and drove the Japaneseback in the Pacific; T-34 tanks led the blood-soaked Soviet counter-attack on the EasternFront; Mustang fighter planes decimated Germany s flying aces. 那時超遠程的B-24解放者轟炸機保護商船的護航隊穿過大西洋;刺猬手榴彈摧毀德國大海軍上將 KarlDnitz s的潛艇;B-17空中堡壘轟炸機在英國機場起飛，深入德國內(nèi)部，穿過日本返回太平洋;蘇聯(lián)的血腥武器T-34坦克東線進行反擊;野馬戰(zhàn)斗機摧毀了德國頂尖飛行員。 Mr Kennedy also rescues the engineers of the US Navy Construction Battalions from relativeobscurity. Popularly known as the Seabees, these were the units that built the bases, theinstallations, the assembly points and the roads that carried the Allied fight forward. Theirachievements more than justify Mr Kennedy s assertion that engineers are essential tomilitary victory. Yet, as he rightly complains, historians of grand campaigns all too oftentake their work for granted and assume that troops, fleets and air squadrons can be movedlong distances by the stroke of a pen on a large map. 肯尼迪還救助過默默無聞的美國海軍建設(shè)營的工程師，也就是人們俗稱的海軍工程營人員。他們負責建設(shè)基地，設(shè)備，集散地點和盟軍向前進攻的道路。這些人的成就遠遠足以證明肯尼迪的說法，工程師是軍事勝利的重要部分。然而，正如他抱怨地那樣，研究大事記的歷史學(xué)家往往把他們的工作看成是理所當然的，他們認為軍隊、艦隊和空軍中隊可以很容易地移動像在地圖上隨筆一揮那樣長的距離。 Seabee statistics are still amazing. In the Pacific alone they built, in the midst of war, 111major airstrips and 441 piers, tanks for the storage of 100m gallons of fuel, housing for 1.5mmen and hospitals for 70,000 patients. The famous photograph of General Douglas MacArthurfulfilling his I shall return promise to the Philippines was possible only after skilful Seabeeshad managed the pontoon bridges and causeway units that brought the army ashorealongwith the photographers, of course. 海軍修建營人員所作成就的數(shù)據(jù)仍令人驚訝。戰(zhàn)爭年代他們在太平洋孤島上修建了111個主要簡易機場和441個碼頭，存放100加侖燃料的坦克，容納150萬人的住房和容納70,000例病人的醫(yī)院。麥克阿瑟將軍對菲律賓承諾我還要回來，這張著名的照片可能只有在技術(shù)嫻熟的海軍修建營成員成功管理浮筒橋梁和銅鑼單位之后才可能實現(xiàn)。當然是銅鑼單位把軍隊和攝影師一起帶上岸。 Mr Kennedy s best-known book is The Rise and Fall of Great Powersand his knowledge ofearlier conflicts adds depth and colour to his history of the middle years of the war. Alexanderthe Great, Julius Caesar, the Duke of Marlborough, Napoleon, William Tecumseh Shermanand others march across the pages as Mr Kennedy compares and contrasts their actions withthose of their counterparts in 1943-44. And he is able to cite several instances ofBritish-American-Soviet bickering to sustain the Duke of Wellington s grumble that havingenemies is nothing like as bad as having allies. 保羅肯尼迪的著作是《大國的興衰》，他早年的斗爭經(jīng)歷增加了中年戰(zhàn)爭歷史的深度和色彩。此書對亞歷山大大帝、凱撒大帝、馬爾伯勒公爵、拿破侖、威廉特庫姆塞謝爾曼和肯尼迪等人進行了整篇幅的描述，并將他們與同處1943-44年代的對手們進行了對比。威靈頓公爵曾怨言：有敵人一點也不像有盟友那樣糟糕，保羅肯尼迪就此能舉出英、美、蘇聯(lián)驗證這句話的幾個實例。 詞語解釋 1.continue to 繼續(xù) We will continue to reduce that exposure. 未來，我們還將繼續(xù)減持。 So will kweichow moutai continue to struggle duringthe year of the snake? 因此，貴州茅臺在蛇年里還會繼續(xù)苦苦掙扎嗎? 2.fight with 與爭斗 Did she fight with anyone? 她和別人打架了么? Why did you fight with him? 那你為什么和他吵架呢? 3.strive to 力圖;力求 Wise firms will strive to remove barriers for women. 明智的公司會力求為女性移除障礙。 You are good when you strive to give of yourself. 當你們力求奉獻自己時，你們是善的。 4.promise to 保證 Corbat has won fans among investors with his what-you-see-is-what-you-get personality andpromise to cut costs. 憑借率直坦誠的個性和削減成本的承諾，考伯特已在投資者中贏得了一些擁躉。 I promise to come back soon. 我保證不久就會回來的。
2023復(fù)習正是強化復(fù)習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經(jīng)濟學(xué)人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 America and the second world war 美國和第二次世界戰(zhàn)爭 The workshop heroes 車間里的英雄 A tribute to the unsung workers 致敬無名工作者 MacArthur had help engineering victory 麥克阿瑟將軍曾對工程師的勝利作過貢獻 Engineers of Victory: The Problem Solvers who Turned the Tide in the Second World War.ByPaul Kennedy. 工程師的勝利：問題解決者曾扭轉(zhuǎn)了二戰(zhàn)的局勢 NEARLY 70 years after the second world war and with most of the combatants now dead, aleading historian can praise the Wehrmacht. Not, of course, its evil racism but its militaryprowess. On the battlefields, writes Paul Kennedy of Yale University, Germany s soldiersearned universal respect for their capacity to react swiftly and fiercely to an assault onany front. His superlatives continue to flow. The Wehrmacht possessed a fabulous capacityto recover and strike back; Germany s paratroopers were ultra- competent; the Reichfought with astounding tenacity. 二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束近70年后，大部分的參戰(zhàn)者已與世長辭。也許主流的歷史學(xué)家會贊揚納粹德國，當然是它英勇的軍隊，而非那邪惡的種族主義。耶魯大學(xué)教授保羅肯尼迪寫到，德國士兵因戰(zhàn)場上敏捷的反應(yīng)能力及勇猛地向前方發(fā)起攻勢而贏得普遍尊重。保羅肯尼迪的巔峰之作繼續(xù)流傳。納粹德國擁有極好的反應(yīng)和反擊能力，空降兵相當出色，整個帝國持久作戰(zhàn)的能力也十分驚人。 How then did Germany come to lose the war? The British-born historian strives to avoidreductionism. Unlike others, he says, he does not claim that the Allies victory can beexplained solely by brute force or by a wonder weapon or by some magical decryptingsystem. There were multiple factors. Some have been exaggerated. Bletchley Park wascertainly far less important than most of the popular literature about the codebreakerssuggests. Sir Arthur Bomber Harris s determination not to target the enemy s oil,transport and electricity grids but to blast cities instead was, he writes, a weird panacea. 德國是如何輸?shù)暨@次戰(zhàn)爭的呢?一位英國的歷史學(xué)家極力避免還原真相。他說，他不像其他人那樣斷言盟軍的勝利只因為強大的軍事力量或一件神奇的武器或某些神秘的解密系統(tǒng)。盟軍的勝利有多種原因。一些事實被夸大。布萊切利園 當然遠不比關(guān)于破譯者自述的那些大量流行著作重要。他寫道，轟炸機阿瑟哈里斯的決心不是把目標放在敵人的石油、交通和電網(wǎng)上，而是要炸毀整座城市，怪異的靈丹妙藥。 Against this, Mr Kennedy argues, some reasons for the Allies success deserve much greateremphasis. One of them, the stupendous might of America s military-industrial complex,was recognised at last in Arthur Herman s Freedom s Forge, reviewed here last year. MrKennedy celebrates another crucial component: the role of engineers. What they invented,improvised and improved had, by 1943, begun to turn the tide against Germany and Japan. 肯尼迪反對道：盟軍勝利有一些更值得強調(diào)的原因。其中，美國軍工鐵三角驚人的勢力最終在亞瑟赫爾曼《鑄就自由》一書中被證實，去年本雜志也評論過此事。肯尼迪贊美盟軍勝利的另一個重要因素是：工程師的角色。到1943年，他們的發(fā)明、創(chuàng)造和改進開始扭轉(zhuǎn)抗衡德國和日本的局勢。 By then long-range B-24 Liberator bombers protected convoys of merchant ships crossingthe Atlantic; Hedgehog grenades destroyed Grand Admiral Karl D?nitz s U-boats; B-17 FlyingFortress bombers flew from airfields in England deep into Germany and drove the Japaneseback in the Pacific; T-34 tanks led the blood-soaked Soviet counter-attack on the EasternFront; Mustang fighter planes decimated Germany s flying aces. 那時超遠程的B-24解放者轟炸機保護商船的護航隊穿過大西洋;刺猬手榴彈摧毀德國大海軍上將 KarlDnitz s的潛艇;B-17空中堡壘轟炸機在英國機場起飛，深入德國內(nèi)部，穿過日本返回太平洋;蘇聯(lián)的血腥武器T-34坦克東線進行反擊;野馬戰(zhàn)斗機摧毀了德國頂尖飛行員。 Mr Kennedy also rescues the engineers of the US Navy Construction Battalions from relativeobscurity. Popularly known as the Seabees, these were the units that built the bases, theinstallations, the assembly points and the roads that carried the Allied fight forward. Theirachievements more than justify Mr Kennedy s assertion that engineers are essential tomilitary victory. Yet, as he rightly complains, historians of grand campaigns all too oftentake their work for granted and assume that troops, fleets and air squadrons can be movedlong distances by the stroke of a pen on a large map. 肯尼迪還救助過默默無聞的美國海軍建設(shè)營的工程師，也就是人們俗稱的海軍工程營人員。他們負責建設(shè)基地，設(shè)備，集散地點和盟軍向前進攻的道路。這些人的成就遠遠足以證明肯尼迪的說法，工程師是軍事勝利的重要部分。然而，正如他抱怨地那樣，研究大事記的歷史學(xué)家往往把他們的工作看成是理所當然的，他們認為軍隊、艦隊和空軍中隊可以很容易地移動像在地圖上隨筆一揮那樣長的距離。 Seabee statistics are still amazing. In the Pacific alone they built, in the midst of war, 111major airstrips and 441 piers, tanks for the storage of 100m gallons of fuel, housing for 1.5mmen and hospitals for 70,000 patients. The famous photograph of General Douglas MacArthurfulfilling his I shall return promise to the Philippines was possible only after skilful Seabeeshad managed the pontoon bridges and causeway units that brought the army ashorealongwith the photographers, of course. 海軍修建營人員所作成就的數(shù)據(jù)仍令人驚訝。戰(zhàn)爭年代他們在太平洋孤島上修建了111個主要簡易機場和441個碼頭，存放100加侖燃料的坦克，容納150萬人的住房和容納70,000例病人的醫(yī)院。麥克阿瑟將軍對菲律賓承諾我還要回來，這張著名的照片可能只有在技術(shù)嫻熟的海軍修建營成員成功管理浮筒橋梁和銅鑼單位之后才可能實現(xiàn)。當然是銅鑼單位把軍隊和攝影師一起帶上岸。 Mr Kennedy s best-known book is The Rise and Fall of Great Powersand his knowledge ofearlier conflicts adds depth and colour to his history of the middle years of the war. Alexanderthe Great, Julius Caesar, the Duke of Marlborough, Napoleon, William Tecumseh Shermanand others march across the pages as Mr Kennedy compares and contrasts their actions withthose of their counterparts in 1943-44. And he is able to cite several instances ofBritish-American-Soviet bickering to sustain the Duke of Wellington s grumble that havingenemies is nothing like as bad as having allies. 保羅肯尼迪的著作是《大國的興衰》，他早年的斗爭經(jīng)歷增加了中年戰(zhàn)爭歷史的深度和色彩。此書對亞歷山大大帝、凱撒大帝、馬爾伯勒公爵、拿破侖、威廉特庫姆塞謝爾曼和肯尼迪等人進行了整篇幅的描述，并將他們與同處1943-44年代的對手們進行了對比。威靈頓公爵曾怨言：有敵人一點也不像有盟友那樣糟糕，保羅肯尼迪就此能舉出英、美、蘇聯(lián)驗證這句話的幾個實例。 詞語解釋 1.continue to 繼續(xù) We will continue to reduce that exposure. 未來，我們還將繼續(xù)減持。 So will kweichow moutai continue to struggle duringthe year of the snake? 因此，貴州茅臺在蛇年里還會繼續(xù)苦苦掙扎嗎? 2.fight with 與爭斗 Did she fight with anyone? 她和別人打架了么? Why did you fight with him? 那你為什么和他吵架呢? 3.strive to 力圖;力求 Wise firms will strive to remove barriers for women. 明智的公司會力求為女性移除障礙。 You are good when you strive to give of yourself. 當你們力求奉獻自己時，你們是善的。 4.promise to 保證 Corbat has won fans among investors with his what-you-see-is-what-you-get personality andpromise to cut costs. 憑借率直坦誠的個性和削減成本的承諾，考伯特已在投資者中贏得了一些擁躉。 I promise to come back soon. 我保證不久就會回來的。
